Process of de-livering paints, varnishes, and the like



aten ec. 18, 19230 vaims!) sures tann n THEODOBE'EBBAI JLEY, h CBANFURD, NEW d'Ell.

PROCESS OF DE-IJVEEING PAINTS, VARNISHES, THE LIKE.

N0 Drawing.

To all whom it may concem:

Be it known that l, Tnnononu F. BRADLEY, a citizen of the United States, residin in the city of Cranford, county of Union, tate B of New Jersey, have invented certain new 1o cally referred to in the paint and varnish industry as de-livering, and involves the treatment of varnishes or paints having varnish wholly or partly as a vehicle, in order to maintain the desired viscosity, or in the u case of paint or varnish that has thickened partly to bring it back to a good working consistency. This I accomplish by treating with material which accomplishes the very much desired object, but without any un- 2e desirable or deleterious effects.

It is well known that paints and varnishes in very large quantity often thicken and become largel a waste or loss, and to prevent their reac ing this condition, or if in a partially livered state, to bring them back to good working consistency is of great value, and attempts heretofore to ac complish' the result have been either onl partial or with attending objectionable e feet.

One particular embodiment of my invention I will now describe, which consists in adding free fatty acids such as are obtained, for instance, from vegetable oils, to a varnish or a paint whose vehicle consists either wholly or partly of varnish. In the case of a paint, I add from half of one per cent to ten per cent by weight of linseed oil fatty acids, having a specific gravity, for

example, of .9200 at 15 centigl'ade and having an acid value of 170. The exact proportion needed depends upon the condition and composition of the paint at the time it is treated. In the case of a varnish, a smaller proportion, seldom more than eight per cent,

has the desired effect, and the de-liverer is particularly effective on varnishes of the China wood, that is the tun oil type, and especially in the case of those having a so-called false body. The free fatty acid may be added either as such or in the form of an acid oil containing the necessary amount of free fatty acid.

The-addition of fatty acids as obtained from vegetable oils I find is particularly Application filed Augustfld, 1am. serial No. earner.

effective in the case of those obtained from linseed or tung oils. While other acids, such as rosin acids will act similarly, the best results are obtained with fatty acids.

This de-liverer or thinner is non-volatile, and can therefore be classed among fixed oils. By the addition; of this relatively small proportion by weight, my process of de-livering is accomplished without very material increase in volume of paints, varnishes or the like, and, in fact, so little fatty acid is required in my process to accomplish the desired purpose, that there is no great reduction in opacity, which objectionable characteristic would be caused in the case of adding turpentine or similar volatile thinner. I

In the case of over-cooked varnishes, this process is particularly eflicacious because they can be brought back to a proper viscosity of the varnish without the objectionable addition of lar e relative amounts of volatile thinner, which makes my process especially valuable in the manufacture of tung oil varnishes.

Paints and varnishes treated with fatty acids of vegetable oils are not greatly altered in composition, which otherwise would be the case were relatively much volatile thinner used. Heretofore, this has been the only process of accomplishing any satisfactory thinning effect.

Heretofore it has been thought that the thickening of aint is due to reactlon between free aci of the vehicle and the basic matter of the pigment, forming insoluble salts which were the cause of the thickening. find, however, that in vehicles which consist wholly or partly of a varnish where chemical reaction takes place and thickening occurs, it is due but little to the presence of insoluble salts, but is mainly due to a decrease in the dispersion. of the varnish. This dispersion of the varnish in turn 1s reduced by the partial or complete neutralization of the free acid of the vehicle by basic material in the pigment. lhe complete neutralization does not occur in any except a very few cases, due to the presence of repaint the vehicle regains its original degree ofdispersion, and it thereafter reacts but 7 little due to the presence of the protecting colloids. 'Gonsequently paints of a highly basic nature may be successfully treated by my process.

The solution of the problem accomplished by my process, it will thus be seen, results from my determination that the acid value, namely, the relative amount of free acid present in a, varnish, is one of the factors determining the viscosity. In view of this fatty acids the the reasons are better understood for difi'erences in paint consistencies and varnish viscosities. g

This will be further understood when we consider that the viscosity, or, as frequently referred to, the body of the varnish is dependent upon the number of particles of gum per unit volume, the relative size of the gum particles, the state of polymerization of the oils and the amount of free acid present. Thus if turpentine or similar thinner be added the volume of the liquid is materially increased with an attendant decrease in the number of gum particles per unit volume; whereas with the addition of particles are decreased in size, polymerized oils are properly dispersed and decreased inmass,so that the thinning effect is accomplished by my proc-'- ess although the original volume of the liquid is butslightly increased.

The drying time and the finish and durability of the varnish or paints are not materially affected, so that neither these nor reduction in opacity, nor any other deleterious efiects result from the practice of my invention. The "pigments involved in paints are likewise not affected, so that the net result of my invention affords a highly advanta eous process in the treatment of substantlally all paints containing varnish and varnishes in order to either maintain their proper consistency or to bring them back to the proper consistency after overoooking, or after they have livered as'a result of time or other outside effect.

The addition of a suitable relative amount of free fatty acids ,is 'made by pouring the required amount into the paint or. varnish,

and with suitable stirring the effect throughout the mass or volume ives quick results. While the efficacy of my process will naturally vary somewhat with different paints and varnishes, a wholly satisfactory effect is obtained within reasonable limits as hereinbefore set forth, by appropriate variations in the relative quantity of fatty acids added for either paints or varnishes, and under a reasonable range of. temperature anill other conditions. 11 y rocess can also be app ed to rinters inks, lithographers inks, and simifr inks, and my de-liverizing agent has been found very useful in thinning down these inks, and preserving them at,..or bringing them to anydesired consistency.

Without limiting myself a the specific practice of m invention heretofore set forth, what I c aim and desire to secure b Letters Patent is:

1. A process for de-livering coating materials containing a varnish vehicle, consist- Y ing in the addition of an amount of fatty jgi acids substantially not exceeding ten. per? quantity of 'said coating cent of the livered material.

2. A 'prooessof preventing the liveringbff coating materials containing a varnish Veg;

hide, tingjin the addition of not over' ency of coating materials containing a Van nish vehicle, or restoring their consistency when partially or wholl livered, consisting in the addition of the atty acid from linseed oil.

4. A process for preventing the alteration in viscosity of varnish, consisting in the addition thereto of approximately eight per cent by weight of the fatty acid of a vegetable oil.

5. A process fqr preventing the alteration in viscosity of varnish consisting in the addition thereto of approximately eight per cept by weight of the fatty acid of linseed o1 6. The process of chemically restorin heavy-bodied varnish to a thinner consistency, comprising the admixture thereto of an amount not reater than approximately eight per cent 0% the fatty acids fromvegetable oils.

per cent by Weight of a it '7. The process of chemically restoring I the fatty acid from linseed acid content is not greater than approximately ten per cent ofthe varnish.

9. A process for preventing the change in the consistency of varnish, consisting in the addition thereto of an amount of non-volatile. I

fixed oil of an acid nature whose free acid content is not greater than approximately ten per cent of the varnish.

10. A process for preserving the consistency of coating materials containing a varnish vehicle, consisting in the addition thereto of an amount of non-volatile fixed oil of an acid nature whose free acid content" is not greater than approximately ten per cent of said coating material.

11. The process of restoring livered coati ing materials containin a varnish vehicle to previous relatively t in conditiom'consisting in the mixing therewith of an amount of non-volatile fixed oil of an acid nature 14:. A varnish containing the usual ingrew whose free acid content is not greater than dients and between one and eight per cent approximately ten per cent of said coating of fatt acids of vegetable oils. material. 15. varnish containing the usual ingre- E 12. A process for preserving the consistdients and approximately eight per cent of ency of coating materials containing 3, varfatty acids of linseed oil. a0

nish vehicle or restoring their consistency In testimony whereof, I have signed my when partiall or wholly livered, which conname to this application, in the presence of sists in the a dition thereto or not over aptwo subscribing witnesses, this 20th day of W proximately ten per cent by weight of the August 1921.

fatty acid of a vegetable oil. THEODORE F. BRADLEY.

13. A varnish containing the usual ingre- Witnesses: dients and approximately eight per cent of J. H. Clm'rz,

fatty acids of vegetable oils. HERMAN F. CUN'rz. 

